食物过敏动物模型研究进展

Research progress in animal models of food allergy

食物过敏是一种常见的变态反应性疾病。近年来，食物过敏反应的发病率及严重程度有所升高，对儿童的健康成长造成了严重的影响。由于人类对于食物过敏的临床研究受到伦理学限制，因此采用动物模型对食物过敏发病机制和防治方法进行研究是最常用的方法。过敏原种类繁多，过敏机制复杂，目前国际上尚未建立标准统一的食物过敏模型。由于牛奶、鸡蛋、花生是婴幼儿的重要食物，因此在幼年动物过敏模型中常采用这三种食物作为过敏原进行食物过敏的发病机制及防治策略研究。该文即对这三种食物致敏的动物模型研究进展作一综述，为研究者根据不同的研究目的选择动物模型提供参考。

Food allergy is a common allergic disease. The severity and incidence of food allergy reaction which increases gradually in recent years has seriously affected the healthy growth of infants and toddlers. Although the use of animal models to study the pathogenesis and prevention of food allergy has become the most important and common method because of the restrictions of clinical research, the international standard of food allergy model has not been established yet. Researchers often use milk, egg and peanuts which are very important food sources of infants and toddlers as allergens in animal models on the pathogenesis and control strategies. This article summarizes the research progress of animal models of milk, egg and peanuts, which will be helpful for researchers to choose animal model due to different purpose.