分子生物学技术在病原菌快速检测中的应用进展

Advances of molecular biology techniques in rapid bacterial identification

脓毒症是危重患儿的重要死亡原因之一。细菌感染是弓I起脓毒症最主要的病因。细菌感染的早期诊断是正确抗感染治疗的保证，及时有效地控制感染决定了重症脓毒症患儿的预后。我国目前对病原菌检测、鉴定手段仍停留在血培养和生化水平，检测周期较长，阳性率低，因此，建立快速高敏感的诊断方法显得十分重要。近年来，随着分子检测技术的迅速发展，一些分子生物学技术被应用于细菌的分类鉴定，提高了检测的准确性和灵敏度，缩短了检测时间，扩大了检测的病原谱。目前主要应用的有两大类，一类为基于核酸的检测技术，如核酸杂交、核酸扩增、DNA测序、基因芯片等，第二类为基于蛋白质组为基础的技术，如生物质谱技术。该文对近年来各种分子生物学技术在细菌快速检测中的应用作一综述。

Sepsis is one of the most important causes of death in critically ill children. The leading cause of sepsis is bacterial infection. The early diagnosis of bacterial infection allows initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy that strongly correlates with positive outcomes. At present, the methods of detection and identification of bacteria in our country are still at the level of blood culture and biochemistry, and they have the weakness of time-consuming process and lower positive rate. Therefore, it is very important to establish a rapid and sensi- tive diagnostic method for early diagnosis of bacterial infection. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular detection technology ,some new molecular biological technologies can not only improve the detection accuracy and sensitivity, but also reduce the detection hours and expand the detection pathogen spectrum. Nowadays, they have been applied to bacteria classification and identification. There are two kinds of molecular biolog- ical technology that are applied at present. One is based on nucleic acid detective technology, such as nucleic acid amplification, DNA sequencing, gene chips, etc. The other is based on proteome technologies, such as biological mass spectrometry. In this paper, the application of recent molecular biological techniques in the rapid detection of bacteria is reviewed.