青春发动期提前的相关因素研究进展

Influencing factors of early puberty

半个世纪以来，越来越多的研究表明，人类的青春发动期正在提前。青春发动期是指由神经系统、内分泌系统以及环境共同作用导致生殖系统成熟、获得生育能力的过程。青春发动时相是指个体处于某一参考人群背景下，或与某一常规模式进行比较时，青春发育过程属于相对较早、适时或者相对较晚的状态。该文阐述导致青春发动期提前和青春发动时相较早的遗传因素、儿童肥胖、早期生长模式（包括宫内生长发育迟缓、追赶生长速度过快、脂肪重积聚）、心理社会应激（包括家庭情感环境不良、父爱缺失、国际收养）及环境内分泌干扰物等因素并对其机制与意义进行了探讨。了解青春发动期提前的相关危险因素可以为相关政策咨询和针对性预防措施的开展提供科学依据。

Nearly half a century, an increasing number of studies have found that the puberty of human being is at early trends. Puberty is the process of physical changes involving reproductive system maturation and the acquisition of fertility, by the combination effects of nervous system, endocrine system and the environment. Pubertal timing is a relative concept and the process of pubertal development can be shown as early, timely or relatively late as compared with a reference group. This article mainly focuses on related influencing factors of pubertal timing including genetic factor, childhood obesity, growth pattern（ intrauterine growth retardation, catch- up growth, adiposity rebound）, psychosocial stress （ poor family emotional environment, father absence, interna- tional adoption）, environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals with their mechanism and significance. The exploration of relevant risk factors of early puberty can provide scientific evidence for formulating relevant policies and targeted prevention.