英国政府与社会资本合作的改革措施综述

A Summary of the Reform Measures for the British Government to Cooperate With Social Capital

英国政府从20世纪90年代初就开始了同社会资本的合作,以此向公众提供公共基础设施及服务。在英国,这种政府同社会资本的公私合作长久以来主要是以PFI(Private Finance Initiative)模式进行的。这一模式的特点是利用民间融资,将项目风险转移给私人部门,从而节约项目总成本。在近二十年的实践中,PFI模式逐渐显现出透明度欠缺、项目采购过程冗长等弊端。对此,英国政府于2012年推出了PF2(Private Finance2)模式。PF2模式在股权融资、项目交付、服务供给、透明度增强、风险分配以及效率提高等方面都有着明显的优势,真正做到了物有所值。

The British government started to cooperate with social capital since 1990s to provide public infrastructure and service. The main form of this cooperation is PFI （Private Finance Initiative） whose character is to make use of private financing, in other words, trans- forming the project risk to private organization, and hence save the general cost. After about 20 years of practice, the shortcomings are more and more obvious such as lack of transparen- cy and long adoption process. The British government introduced PF2 （Private Finance2） in 2012. The advantage of PF2 includes equity financing, project delivery, service supply, transparency enhancement, risk distribution, and efficiency promotion.