5种早实核桃花粉对‘双早’核桃坐果率与品质的影响

Effect of walnut pollen on 'Shuangzao' fruit quality and early fruit of several

以核桃‘川早1号’‘川早2号’‘双早’‘早丰’和‘蜀玲’为父本,‘双早’核桃为授粉母树,采用人工控制授粉法,授粉组合分别记为SZC1、SZC2、SZZH、SZZF、SZSL,以自然授粉(SZZR)为对照,研究5种早实核桃花粉对‘双早’核桃的产量与品质的影响。结果表明:坐果率较高的授粉组合有SZZH、SZC1和SZSL,坐果率分别为47.73%、43.07%和42.27%;外观品质比较好的授粉组合有SZC1、SZC2、SZZH、SZZF;脂肪含量表现为SZC1、SZZH、SZC2、SZZR、SZZF、SZSL依次递减,SZC1脂肪含量高达71.26%;各授粉组合蛋白质含量表现为SZZH、SZZF、SZSL、SZC2、SZC1、SZZR依次递减;从产量方面考虑,‘双早’核桃较适宜的授粉树为‘川早1号’、‘蜀玲’和‘双早’(自花授粉);从外观和品质方面考虑,‘双早’核桃较适宜的授粉树为‘川早1号’‘川早2号’;从脂肪和蛋白质含量方面考虑,‘双早’核桃较适宜的授粉树为‘川早1号’。综合产量、外观及营养品质,‘川早1号’为‘双早’核桃较适宜的授粉树。

Five early walnut species, ＇Chuanzao 1＇ ＇Chuanzao 2＇ ＇Shuangzao＇ ＇Zaofeng＇ and ＇Shuling＇ were used as male parent, ＇Shuangzao＇ as female parent. Their pollinations were carried out by artificial and were recorded as SZC1, SZC2, SZZH, SZZF, SZSL and SZZR, natural pollination as control, to study the effects of the 5 different pollens on the yield and quality of ＇Shuangzao＇.The results showed that SZZH, SZC1 and SZSL had higher fruit setting rates, which were 47.73%, 43.07% and 42.27%, respectively; SZC1, SZC2, SZZH and SZZF had better appearance quality; SZC1 had the highest fat contents（71.26%）, followed by SZZH, SZC2, SZZR, SZZF and SZSL; their protein contents were in a diminishing sequence from SZZH, SZZF, SZSL, SZC2, SZC1 to SZZR. Therefore, in view of the yield, ＇Shuangzao＇ should be pollinatedby ＇Chuanzao 1＇ and ＇Shuling＇ or self pollination; in view of the appearance and quality, it should be pollinated by ＇Chuanzao l＇and＇Chuanzao 2＇; in view of the fat and protein content, it it should be pollinated by ＇Chuanzao 1 ＇. In summary, ＇Chuanzao 1＇ is the most suitable for the pollination of ＇Shuangzao＇.