中置螺旋分土开沟装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of ditching device with central spiral soil splitter

针对1GQ-1.6型中置铧式犁起垄机在高稻茬黏重土壤环境中作业壅泥缠草、沟边土壤堆积、厢面土块不细碎等问题,将原有中置铧式犁设置成双翼开沟犁,并在中置双翼开沟犁后部旋耕刀轴上左右对称设置分土螺旋,以最大土壤推送量为目标,设计了分土螺旋的螺旋叶片直径、螺距及螺旋升角;基于农艺要求的沟型,设计了双翼开沟犁犁体高度、宽度,研制出由机架、双翼开沟犁、可调深度机构、中间变速箱、分土螺旋和旋耕刀辊组成的螺旋分土开沟装置。室内土槽试验结果表明,中置螺旋分土装置工作性能的各项评价指标均符合国家标准和农艺要求,其中沟深稳定性系数和厢面平整度系数分别达到94.67%、97.53%。

In order to solve the problems of muddy obstruct and winding grass, soil accumulation in furrow, and no crushing of the ridge clods in the high-stubble soil environment, 1GQ-1.6 type plowing combination of the ridge of the central plow was designed, in which a spiral sub-soil device was symmetrical set on the shaft of the rotary knife behind the winglets ditch plow as well as the optimization of the plow height, width and other structural parameters. Finally, a ditching device with central spiral soil splitter was integrated and composed of the frame, wings ditch plow, adjustable depth device, the middle gearbox, spiral sub-soil equipment and rotary knife roller, etc. The soil bin test results show that the evaluation indexes of the working performance of the central spiral sub-ditch device are in accordance with the national standard and agronomic requirements, in the trench depth stability coefficient and the uniformity coefficient of the ridge are 94.67% and 97.53%.