小麦育种中亲本创新的典型事例及难点分析

Typical Cases and Difficulty Analysis of Germplasm Innovation in Wheat Breeding

本文综述了我国北方冬麦区小麦骨干亲本创新的主要成就,并以鲁麦13和鲁麦14及其在育种中的成功应用为例,指出了亲本创新中普遍存在的抗病品种农艺性状差、产量水平低或高产品种抗病性不持久的问题。对于亲本改良过程中高产与综合抗性不易同步提高的难题,应以提升亲本的丰产性能为前提,积聚持久抗病、慢锈(粉)基因和抗旱等性能。

Main achievements in developing core elite parents in northern China winter wheat region were reviewed in this paper. Taking Lumai 13 and Lumai 14 and their successful application in breed- ing for example, the common existing problems in parental innovation, such as poor agronomic traits, low yield and disease resistance of high-yield variety, were pointed out. Referring to the problem that high yield and comprehensive resistance do not tend to be synchronously improved during parental im- provement process, it was pointed out that enhancing the parental yielding ability should be as a premise, assembling the durable resistance, slow rust （powder） disease genes and drought resistance characters.