支架、细胞、因子：组织工程血管化策略的研究与前景

Scaffolds,cells and cytokines:vascularization strategies for tissue engineering

背景:随着组织工程皮肤、骨、软骨、血管、肌瓣等组织的再生与修复方面已取得显著的进展,组织工程组织血管化的障碍问题引起了学者们的广泛关注。目的:总结血管形成的机制(血管生成与血管再生),血管化的策略(种子细胞,支架材料,生长因子)以及组织血管化的模型(体内与体外)等与组织血管化相关的研究,为组织工程血管化的基础研究提供理论依据。方法:计算机检索2000年1月至2016年4月Pub Med、Springerlink、Web of Science、Science Direct数据库相关文献,检索词"tissue engineering、vascularization、scaffolds、cell growth factors、vasculogenesis、angiogenesis";并检索中文期刊CNKI、维普、万方数据库相关文献,检索词为"组织工程、血管化、细胞生长因子、血管的再生、血管的生成"。55篇与组织血管化相关的同时反映其最新研究进展的文章被纳入。结果与结论:体外构建组织内微血管中运用的较多,将支架材料做成具有血管样结构的模型,再种植二维细胞,在生长因子的刺激下,二维细胞朝着血管样结构的形状增殖、迁移,进而形成微小的血管。目前,大多数在体外实验能很好的形成血管的细胞-支架复合物,都沿着移植于体内方向发展。体内血管化模型中还存在着很多问题,移植于体内的炎症反应是不可避免的,它直接影响细胞-支架复合物的功能发挥及在体内的存活问题,在组织的再生与康复中,血管化仍是组织工程中一大难题。

BACKGROUND： Tissue-engineered skin, bone, cartilage, development in tissue repair and regeneration; meanwhile attracted much attention, blood vessel, and muscle flap have achieved remarkable the difficulty in tissue-engineered vascularization has OBJECTIVE： To summarize studies concerning the mechanism of angiogenesis （vasculogenesis and revasculadzation）, vascularization strategies （seed cells, scaffolds, growth factors） and models of vascularization in tissue engineering （in vivo and in vitro）, and to provide theoretical foundation for basic research of vascularization in tissue engineering. METHODS： A computer-based research was performed for relevant literatures in PubMed, Springerlink, Web of Science ScienceDirect, CNKI, CqVip and WanFang databases published between January 20002 and April 2016 using the keywords of ＂issue engineering, vascularization, scaffolds, cell growth factor, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. Fifty-five eligible articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion cdteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： In vitro microvascular construction is commonly used. The angioid scaffold is prepared, and then cells are seeded onto the scaffold, which will proliferate, migrate and form microvessels induced by growth factors. The cell-scaffold composites that have good vascularization in vitro have been introduced via transplantation in in vivo experiments. However, there are some problems, such as the inevitable inflammatory reaction that makes a direct effect on the composite function and survival, and vascularization is still a difficulty in tissue regeneration and repair in the tissue engineering research.