小剂量不同浓度罗哌卡因麻醉在老年膝髋关节置换中的效果

Anesthetic effect of different concentrations of low-dose hypobaric ropivacaine in elderly knee or hip replacement

背景:老年膝髋关节置换中为了减轻围术期疼痛,给予罗哌卡因单侧腰-硬联合麻醉能取得预期的麻醉效果,但是选择何种浓度的小剂量轻比重效果成为研究的热点。目的:探讨小剂量轻比重不同浓度罗哌卡因单侧腰-硬联合麻醉在老年膝髋关节置换中的麻醉及镇痛效果。方法:纳入2014年8月至2015年12月收治的老年膝髋关节置换患者90例,采用随机数字方法分为0.15%、0.5%及0.25%罗哌卡因组,各30例,分别以0.15%、0.5%及0.25%罗哌卡因在L3-4或L2-3间隙进行穿刺麻醉。结果与结论:(1)0.25%罗哌卡因组平面消退时间及运动阻滞恢复时间低于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05),高于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);0.25%罗哌卡因组运动阻滞起效时间长于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);短于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);0.15%罗哌卡因组平面消退时间及运动阻滞恢复时间短于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);0.15%罗哌卡因组运动阻滞起效时间长于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);(2)0.25%罗哌卡因组麻醉后1,5,10 h及术后24 h目测类比评分低于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05),高于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);0.5%罗哌卡因组麻醉后1,5,10 h及术后24 h目测类比评分低于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);(3)3组麻醉后3,10,30 min及手术毕心率及平均血压水平均发生轻微波动,但是0.25%罗哌卡因组波动幅度最小;其次为0.15%罗哌卡因组,0.5%罗哌卡因组波动幅度最大;(4)0.25%罗哌卡因组麻醉后不良反应发生率,高于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05),低于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);0.5%罗哌卡因组麻醉后不良反应发生率,高于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P<0.05);(5)提示剂量为0.25%罗哌卡因3 mL能取得预期的麻醉效果。

BACKGROUND： Unilateral spinal epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine can reduce the perioperative pain in the elderly undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, but choosing which concentration of small dose hypobaric ropivacaine is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE： To explore the anesthetic and analgesic effects of unilateral spinal epidural anesthesia with different concentrations of low dose hypobaric ropivacaine in senile knee or hip replacement.METHODS： Ninety patients undergoing knee or hip replacement in the Henan Province Hospital of TCM from August 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled, and randomized into 0.15%, 0.5% and 0.25% ropivacaine groups （n=30 per group）, followed by spinal epidural anesthesia at L3-4 or L2-3 lumbar interspace, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： （1） The order of the flat subsided time and motor block recovery time was as follows：0.15% ropivacaine group 〈 0.25% ropivacaine group 〈 0.5% ropivacaine group; the onset time of motor block was longest in the 0.25% ropivacaine group, followed by 0.5% ropivacaine group, and shortest in the 0.15% ropivacaine group （all P 〈 0.05）. （2） The order of the visual analogue scale scores at 1, 5, and 10 hours after anesthesia and 24 hours postoperatively was as follows： 0.5% ropivacaine group 〈 0.25% ropivacaine group 〈 0.15% ropivacaine group （P 〈 0.05）. （3） The change levels of heart rate and blood pressure were highest in the 0.5% ropivacaine group, followed by 0.15% ropivacaine group, and lowest in the 0.25% ropivacaine group. （4） The incidence of adverse events was highest in the 0.5% ropivacaine group, followed by 0.15% ropivacaine group, and lowest in the 0.25% ropivacaine group （P 〈 0.05）. （5） To conclude, 3 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine exhibits desired anesthetic effect.