梅洛-庞蒂早期哲学与精神主义

Merleau-Ponty's Early Philosophy and Spiritualism

梅洛-庞蒂是法国后期现代哲学的典型代表,无疑可以用精神主义来概括其基本的哲学倾向。精神主义有三种主要的形式:一种是强调内省或内在体验的精神主义,与心灵主义难以区分;一种是把精神与纯粹思维相等同的精神主义,与理智主义或观念主义密切关联;一种是强调身心统一的精神主义,经柏格森的生命哲学汇入到了现象学实存主义之中。梅洛-庞蒂在其早期著作中对精神主义有许多的分析和批判,这些分析和批判为理解其早期思想提供了一条非常重要的路径,有助于我们理解现象学和精神主义在法国哲学中是如何融合的。

Merleau-Ponty is the most typical late modem French philosopher and we can use spiritualism to summarize his basic philosophical inclination. There are three kinds of spiritualism. The first one focuses on introspection and inner experience, and it is difficult for us to make a distinction between it and mentalism. The second one identifies the spirit with pure thought and it has close relations with intellectualism or idealism. The third one emphasizes the unity of body and soul, and it joins in phenomenology-existentialism via Bergson＇ s philosophy of life. There are a lot of analyses and critiques of spiritualism in Merleau-Ponty＇ s early writings, which give us a very important way to grasp his early thoughts and help us to well understand how phenomenology is integrated with spiritualism in French philosophy.