脂肪间充质干细胞治疗缺血缺氧性脑病的研究进展

Research progress of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

目的脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells,ADMSC)是一类具有多向分化潜能、免疫调控功能和自主更新能力的干细胞。与骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BMSC)相比,ADMSC具有脂肪组织来源丰富、提取率高、取材过程痛苦程度低等特点。缺血缺氧性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)致死、致残率极高,但现有的治疗方法临床效果不佳。近年来的研究发现,ADMSC能通过归巢、旁分泌、免疫调节、神经样分化及内源性神经再生等机制减轻脑缺血缺氧引起的神经损伤,有望成为治疗HIE的新方法。本文综述了ADMSC治疗HIE的相关机制和已经开展的临床试验及其存在问题。

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （AMDSCs） isolated from adipose tissue are stem cells with a multilineage differentiation potential, immune regulation function and highly self-renewal capacity. Compared with bone marrow mesenchyrnal stem cells （BMSCs）, AMDSCs have some unique advantages, including abundant resource in adipose tissue, high extraction rate, and are easy to acquire tissue and so on. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE） has very high mortality and disability rates, and the clinical therapeutic effect is not very satisfactory. ADMSC can decrease neurological deficits and improve neurological function following HIE through multiple mechanisms, including homing, paracrine, immune modulation, neural differentiation and endogenous neurogenesis, and the ADMSC constitute a promising therapy for HIE treatment. This review summarized the related mechanisms, clinical trials and questions about ADMSC treatment.