新高考改革之现实审思与理论分析——以考试科目、次数及赋分方式为重点

Reality Analysis and Theoretical Research of the College Entrance Examination Reform:With Focus on Subjects,Times and Grading Methods

自高考恢复以来,考试科目由分科走向选考,考试次数由一次趋于两次,赋分方式由分数制逐渐转为等级制。不过,新的选考设计、一年两考、等级赋分也存在一些问题,譬如:是否真正促进了学生的自主性、减轻了学业压力、给予了科学的成绩判定?运用博弈理论、信息不对称理论进行分析,也发现其中存在着复杂性、投机性与不可靠性等问题。为攻克难题、化解矛盾,建议科学设定高校选考要求,发挥一流大学引领作用,规范高中教学管理,完善走班制度建设,强化自主选择理念,优化等级赋分制度。

The reform of College Entrance Examination is of great significance for China. This article analyzes the historical trajectory of College Entrance Examination, with focus on the selection of subjects, times of examination as well as grading methods. Based on the investigation, the article poses the question： Does the reform really contribute to students＂ self-choice, lightened learning pressure and more reasonable scoring criteria？ In fact, several unexpected and rigorous problems have emerged due to different reasons. Using Game Theory and Asymmetry Information Theory, the article reveals the complexity, opportunism and inaccuracy of the reform. Suggestions on deepening the reform include setting sound requirements for the selection of subjects, improving high school teaching management, optimizing mobile learning system and highlighting students＂ self-choice.