毛梾优良无性系组培体系建立

Establishment of tissue culture system for improved clones in Cornus walteri Wanger.

近年来,毛梾作为油料树种,其果实油用价值被逐步开发利用,但因优株材料数量有限,传统的实生苗繁殖变异系数大,而无性繁殖技术尚不成熟,繁殖系数低,难以满足短期内提供大量苗木的需求,因此需要建立毛梾组培体系达到快速繁殖目的。目前对毛梾组培的研究仅到初代培养,污染率高诱导率低,生产中无法应用。本试验以结果盛期的优良单株为试材,选用一年生休眠枝水培出的新梢为外植体,进行毛梾优良无性系组培技术研究。结果表明,最佳消毒方式为2%次氯酸钠消毒15 min,污染率4.4%;最适基本培养基为DKW培养基,试管苗生长良好,叶片健康舒展;继代培养采用DKW+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L+GA3 0.5 mg/L为宜,增殖系数为15.56,平均苗高6.22 cm;生根培养采用1/2DKW+NAA0.2 mg/L为宜,生根率为62%(最高可达74%),平均根数6.5,平均根长2.9 cm;移栽时选用经过高压灭菌后的蛭石:珍珠岩:草炭1:2:1基质,可达到94.4%的成活率。

In recent years, as one of prior utilized plants for biological fuel oil and energy substitute, Comus walteri Wanger. oil value has been gradually developed and utilized. The traditional seed reproduction or asexual reproduction is difficult to meet the needs of the short term to provide a large number of seedlings, due to the limited superior individual plant materials, so a rapid tissue culture system is necessary. The current research on Comus walteri Wanger. only to primary culture, with the problem of high pollution rate and low induction rate, so it can not be applied in production. This experiment was conducted to investigate in vitro micropropagation of Comus walteri Wanger. with the apical buds excised from the growing shoots of annual branches. The results showed that using 2% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min disinfection effect is best, contamination rate of 4.4%. The optimum basic culture medium for initial culture was DKW. The best generational culture medium was DKW with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.2 mg/L and GA3 0.5 mg/L, the average proliferation coefficients was 15.56, average seedling height was 6.2 cm. The suitable rooting basic medium was 1/2DKW with NAA 0.2 mg/L, rooting rate 62%（the highest was 74%）, the average root number was 6.5, the average root length was 2.9 cm. The medium with the ratio of 1：2：1 between vermiculite, perlite and peat soil was the most suitable for seedling transplanting, 94.4% of the plantlets survived.