施肥量对温室滴灌番茄干物质累积、产量及水肥利用的影响

Impact of the Amount of Fertilizationon Yield and Water-fertilizer Use Efficiency of Tomato Grown in a Solar Greenhouse under Drip Fertigation

为研究日光温室秋冬茬番茄生育时期干物质生产动态规律,探索高产高效的科学施肥模式,以标准冲施肥(含N量16%,含P_2O_5量5%,含K_2O量19%)为施肥种类,施肥量以N素为基准分为4个肥料处理水平,即F1(高肥)、F2(中肥)、F3(低肥)、F4(不追肥),分析了不同施肥量对日光温室番茄干物质累积、产量和水肥利用的影响。结果表明,番茄产量和水分利用效率(WUE)与施肥量呈"抛物线"关系,当N施量为290.6 kg/hm2(F2)时达到最高值,分别为67 776.93 kg/hm2和49.27 kg/m3,说明适量施肥可提高产量及水分利用效率。但肥料生产效率(PFP)在施肥量为(N)41.4~539.9 kg/hm2范围内呈现负指数降低趋势。植株干物质累积量表现出F2处理>F1处理>F3处理>F4处理。果实干物质累积进程符合logistic函数轨迹,中肥处理比高肥、低肥处理提前进入快速累积期,使快速累积期持续时间比其他处理长1~8 d。全株总干物质转移量对果实贡献率为1.97%~6.96%,说明果实干物质高达90%以上依靠株体自身光合作用填充。因此,番茄结果期加强水肥的供给是必要的。

By keeping the ratios of N, P （P2O3） and K（K2O） at6%, 5% and 19% respectively, we investigated the impact of four fertilizations： high fertilization （F1）, medium fertilization （F2）, low fertilization （F3） and zero fer- tilization （F4）, on the yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of tomato grown in a solar greenhouse under drip fertigation.The results showed that the yield and water use efficiency （WUE） increased parabolically with the amount of fertilization before peaking at 67 776.93 kg/hm^2 and 49.27 kg/m^3 respectively when the N application was 290.2 kg/hm^2, indicating that an appropriate fertilization increased the yield and WUE. The partial productivi- ty （PFP） of fertilization decreases exponentially with the amount of fertilizer in the range of 41.4-539.9 kg/hm^2 of N application. Dry-matter accumulation under different fertilizations was ranked in F2 〉 F1 〉 F3 〉 F4, and the in- crease of dry matter with time can be described by the logistic function. The accumulating rate of dry matters peaked earlier in F2 than in other treatments, and lasted 1 - 8 days longer than in other treatments. Approximately, 1.97%-6.96% of the dry matter was translocated to fruit. The results showed that more than 90% of all dry matter was due to the photosynthesis at the late stage. It is hence essential to increase water and fertilizer supply during the fruit-growing stage.