摘要
为研究日光温室秋冬茬番茄生育时期干物质生产动态规律,探索高产高效的科学施肥模式,以标准冲施肥(含N量16%,含P_2O_5量5%,含K_2O量19%)为施肥种类,施肥量以N素为基准分为4个肥料处理水平,即F1(高肥)、F2(中肥)、F3(低肥)、F4(不追肥),分析了不同施肥量对日光温室番茄干物质累积、产量和水肥利用的影响。结果表明,番茄产量和水分利用效率(WUE)与施肥量呈"抛物线"关系,当N施量为290.6 kg/hm2(F2)时达到最高值,分别为67 776.93 kg/hm2和49.27 kg/m3,说明适量施肥可提高产量及水分利用效率。但肥料生产效率(PFP)在施肥量为(N)41.4~539.9 kg/hm2范围内呈现负指数降低趋势。植株干物质累积量表现出F2处理>F1处理>F3处理>F4处理。果实干物质累积进程符合logistic函数轨迹,中肥处理比高肥、低肥处理提前进入快速累积期,使快速累积期持续时间比其他处理长1~8 d。全株总干物质转移量对果实贡献率为1.97%~6.96%,说明果实干物质高达90%以上依靠株体自身光合作用填充。因此,番茄结果期加强水肥的供给是必要的。
By keeping the ratios of N, P (P2O3) and K(K2O) at6%, 5% and 19% respectively, we investigated the impact of four fertilizations: high fertilization (F1), medium fertilization (F2), low fertilization (F3) and zero fer- tilization (F4), on the yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of tomato grown in a solar greenhouse under drip fertigation.The results showed that the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased parabolically with the amount of fertilization before peaking at 67 776.93 kg/hm^2 and 49.27 kg/m^3 respectively when the N application was 290.2 kg/hm^2, indicating that an appropriate fertilization increased the yield and WUE. The partial productivi- ty (PFP) of fertilization decreases exponentially with the amount of fertilizer in the range of 41.4-539.9 kg/hm^2 of N application. Dry-matter accumulation under different fertilizations was ranked in F2 〉 F1 〉 F3 〉 F4, and the in- crease of dry matter with time can be described by the logistic function. The accumulating rate of dry matters peaked earlier in F2 than in other treatments, and lasted 1 - 8 days longer than in other treatments. Approximately, 1.97%-6.96% of the dry matter was translocated to fruit. The results showed that more than 90% of all dry matter was due to the photosynthesis at the late stage. It is hence essential to increase water and fertilizer supply during the fruit-growing stage.
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期21-29,共9页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303133-1-3)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项经费项目(GYHY201306039)
河北省科技计划项目(16227005D)