缓/控释肥料对冬小麦产量、氮素利用及土壤硝态氮分布的影响

Effects of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on Winter-wheat Yield,Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Soil Nitrate Distribution

该研究在青岛大沽河地下水源地开展了田间小区试验,以传统尿素和减量尿素为对比,探究减量硫包膜控释肥、减量尿素配施NBPT的缓释肥Ⅰ和减量尿素配施NBPT+DMPP的缓释肥Ⅱ对冬小麦产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮分布的影响,为优化当地施肥模式、推广应用缓/控释肥料提供一定的理论支撑和技术指导。结果表明:缓/控释肥料处理下作物吸氮量与产量较传统施肥处理增加4.5%~10.6%和2.6%~5.2%,氮素利用率(NUE)、氮肥农学效率(NAE)和氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)均得到显著提高;缓/控释肥料能够有效延缓土壤硝态氮向深层的下移;0~120cm土层硝态氮累积随生育期呈现"增-减-增"的变化规律,与作物生长及养分吸收规律相一致。综上,推荐当地冬小麦季施加硫包膜控释肥料,推荐施肥量为135kg/hm^2。

The field experiment was conducted in the underground water source zone of Dagu River in Qingdao.The experiment was aimed to study the effects of sulfur-coated controlled release fertilization, slow release fertilization I combined with urease inhibitor and slow release fertilization II combined both with urease and nitrification inhibitors on winter-wheat yield, nitrogen utilization and soil nitrate temporal-spatial distribution.Treatments of conven- tional nitrogen fertilization and optional fertilization with reduced fertilizer were set as comparison.The results show that the treatments of slow/controlled release fertilizers （S/CRFs） increase the winter-wheat nitrogen contents and yield by 4.5% - 10.6% and 2.6% - 5,2% respectively, raising NUE, NAE, NPFP by 66.3% - 120.3%, 26.7% 47.3%, 35.0% -48.3% respectively.Nitrate accumulation in the 0- 120cm profile takes on variation trend as in- creasing-decreasing-increasing, consisting with crops growth and N-taking procession.The results of nitrogen bud- get show that S/CRFs significantly reduce the nitrogen surplus amount by 54.9% - 66.5%, largely decreasing the risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater.In conclusion, S/CRFs have apparently advantages in increasing crops yield, en- hancing nitrogen use efficiency, maintaining nitrogen budget in field and decreasing nitrate leaching.Considering the whole factors above, we suggest sulfur-coated release fertilizer in the amount of 135kgN/hm2 should be strongly pro- moted in the study area.