脂肪干细胞治疗支气管哮喘的机制与潜力

Underlying mechanisms and potential of adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of bronchial asthma

背景:目前临床上治疗哮喘仍然是以吸入性糖皮质激素为主的经典治疗方法。成体干细胞治疗在多种疾病中取得了一定的发展,为治疗哮喘提供了新思路。目的:从脂肪干细胞及相关成体干细胞在治疗哮喘中的治疗机制进行综述,了解目前脂肪干细胞治疗哮喘的最新进展及其治疗安全性以及在未来哮喘治疗中可能的研究方向。方法:在Pub Med中以(adipose-derived stem cells[All Fields])OR(adipose stem cells[All Fields])OR(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells[All Fields])AND(asthma[All Fields])为检索式来检索,在CBM、CNKI及万方医学分别以("脂肪干细胞"[常用字段:智能])OR("脂肪间充质干细胞"[常用字段:智能])OR("脂肪来源的干细胞"[常用字段:智能])AND("哮喘"[常用字段:智能])为检索式来检索2001至2016年的相关文献。结果与结论:通过浏览文章标题、摘要和全文来筛选目标文献,共检索到125篇文献,最终筛选出54篇代表文献。脂肪干细胞干预哮喘小鼠可能通过免疫调节降低气道炎症、气道高反应并减少上皮下胶原沉积及瘢痕组织形成,促进新生血管生长,重建损伤的气道。但将脂肪干细胞引入常规临床治疗之前还需深入研究其治疗的作用机制及进行必要的基因组分析。脂肪干细胞在治疗哮喘等气道过敏性炎症疾病中可能具有较大潜力。

BACKGROUND：Currently, inhaled glucocorticoid is still the classic treatment for asthma. Adult stem cell transplantation has made significant progress in a variety of diseases, and it also provides new insights into the treatment of asthma.OBJECTIVE：To summarize the recent advances in the treatment of asthma with adipose-derived stem cells and related adult stem cells, and to discuss the therapeutic safety of adipose-derived stem cells and possible research directions in asthma therapy.METHODS：Relevant articles published from 2001 to 2016 were searched in PubMed, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The keywords were ＂（adipose-derived stem cells[All Fields]） OR （adipose stem cells[All Fields]） OR （adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells[All Fields]） AND （asthma[All Fields]）＂ in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：A total of 125 literatures were initially searched, and finally 54 representative papers were selected. Adipose-derived stem cells may reduce airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, ease collagen deposition and scar tissue formation, promote neovascularization, and reconstruct damaged airways in the mouse asthma model through immune regulation. It is necessary to understand its treatment mechanism of action deeply and comprehensively and carry out genomic analysis before introduction of adipose-derived stem cells as a conventional clinical treatment. In summary, adipose-derived stem cells may be a therapeutic potential for the treatment of airway allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma.