不同氮肥施用方式对设施番茄氮素利用的影响

Effect of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen utilization of tomato in green house

【目的】探讨不同氮肥施用方式对番茄生长氮素利用情况的影响。【方法】试验采用田间小区试验法,设置6种不同施肥模式,以设施番茄为研究对象,从番茄产量、氮素农学利用效率、氮素实际利用率、氮素生理效率、番茄品质五个方面考察不同氮肥施用方式对氮素利用和番茄生长的影响。【结果】无论是秋冬茬还是冬春茬,减施氮肥方式可以有效提高番茄的产量、氮素农学利用效率以及氮素利用率,同时可以有效降低番茄中的硝酸盐含量,其中60%的常规氮肥施用+秸秆方式能够极显著提高番茄的产量、氮素农学利用效率以及氮素利用率,并能极显著降低番茄中的硝酸盐含量;但4种减施氮肥方式并不能够有效提高番茄氮素生理效率。【结论】证实60%的常规氮肥施用+秸秆为最优化施肥模式,效果最佳,适合在该蔬菜生产基地的设施菜地推广使用。

[Objective]Effect of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen utilization of tomato in green house. [Methods] We designed six different fertilization patterns and analyzed their effects on nitrogen use efficiency and tomato growth, including nitrogen utilization efficiency of agriculture, the actual nitrogen utilization, nitrogen physiological efficiency and quality.[Results]The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of tomato and im- prove the utilization efficiency of , agronomic nitrogen and nitrogen, and reduce the nitrate content in tomato. The combination of 60 % of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer application and straw could significantly improve the tomato yield, agronomic ni- trogen use efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency, and reduce the nitrate content of tomatoes. However, these four kinds of fertilization method didn＇t effectively improve the nitrogen physiological efficiency of tomato. [Conclusion] We demonstrated that the best fertilization application mode is the the combination of the conventional 60 M nitrogen fertilizer and straw, which is suitable to be used in the facilities base utilization in the vegetable production.