北京地区锦葵科草本观赏植物引种栽培试验

Study on introduction and cultivation of Malvaceae herbaceous ornamental plants in Beijing

【目的】锦葵科植物多具有花大色艳,抗逆性强等优点。本试验通过适应性栽培试验,以期筛选出适宜北京地区广泛应用的锦葵科草本园林绿化用材。【方法】从中国的甘肃、内蒙、四川,美国、日本等地收集到种子、种苗等资源20余份,隶属9属10种16个品种;进行连续3年多的引种栽培试验,包括对物候期、观赏特性及抗逆性的统计分析。【结果】锦葵、蜀葵、芙蓉葵在北京地区能够安全越冬,且抗旱耐热能力较强,花期均可从6月上旬持续到10月中旬。紫叶槿虽不能露地越冬,但整个生长季植株为红褐色,抗病虫害及抗旱耐热能力极强。【结论】最终筛选出适宜北京地区大力推广及广泛应用的资源,分别为蜀葵、锦葵、芙蓉葵及紫叶槿。

[Objective]Most of the Malvaceae plants have the traits including big flower, bright color, and strong tolerance. In this study, the culture experiment has been carried out to select the Malvaceae plants suitable for landscape greening in Beijing. [Methods]Totally more than 20 germplasms including ta seeds and seedlings were collected from provinces of Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Siehuan in China, and the United States and Japan, which belong to 16 cultivars, 10 species, 9 genuses. The in- troduction and cultivation experiments lasted three years to investigate the phenological period, ornamental trait, and stress re- sistance.[Results]The resutls showed that Althaea rosea, Malva sinensis, and Hibiscus moscheutos could live through the winter safely in Beijing, and presented strong tolerance to drought and heat. Their blooming periods were from early June to mid-October. H. acetosella could not overwinter in the field, but its color was bronzing during the whole growth reason. H. acetosella also showed strong tolerance to pest and.heat. [Conclusion]A. rosea, M. sinensis, H. Moscheutos, and H. acetosella were suitable for landscape greening in Beijing, and should be popularized strongly.