由转基因产品论转基因烟草的安全性

On Biosafety of Transgenic Tobacco in the Light of Genetically Modified Products

随着转基因技术的不断发展,转基因生物安全问题在全球已经引起人们的广泛关注,围绕它的争论始终不断.烟草作为重要的经济作物和模式植物,也借助转基因技术平台在多个研究方向取得了可喜的进展.如通过植物基因工程技术将一些与抗虫、抗病、抗寒、抗旱、抗盐、抗除草剂以及与微量营养元素的吸收利用、光合作用等相关的外源基因构建到植物表达载体上,导入受体烟草细胞或组织中,由受体细胞或组织再生,最终获得这些品质性状得到改善的转基因烟草,同时还可以间接地减少化学肥料和农药的使用,节约成本,减少产量损失,减轻环境污染.面对转基因的诸多争论,我们必须客观、科学地对转基因的安全性进行评估,制定完善的政策和管理措施,既以慎重的态度保证转基因产品的安全,又要积极对待新生事物的发展,同时理性、正确地对公众进行科普宣传和指导,让广大消费者全面认知转基因产品.本文在简述转基因产品安全性的基础上,对转基因烟草的研究作出概括,并对转基因的发展趋势进行了展望.

With the development of transgenic technique, transgenic biosafety has attracted wide attention though controversial. Tobacco, which is an important economic crop and also a model plant, has got great progress in some aspects with the aid of transgenic technique. Through plant genetic engineering technology, plant expression vectors were constructed with exogenous genes, such as insect-resistant, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, drought- resistant, salt-resistant, herbicide-resistant, microelement absorption, photosynthesis genes and so on. The recombinant vectors were transferred to tobacco cells or tissues, and then transgenic tobaccos with improved quality traits were obtained by recipient cell or tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, it could reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, save cost, reduce production loss and alleviate environment pollution. We must evaluate transgenic biosafety objectively and scientifically in the face of so many debates to make perfect policies and supervisory measures. We should ensure the security of genetically modified products, treat them positively and furthermore provide essential scientific knowledge and guidance for the public. In this paper, in addition to biosafety of genetically modified products, the research on transgenic tobacco is reviewed and the prospects for transgenic technique are discussed.