违约方合同解除权的法理辨析与裁判规则——对赵某诉何某房屋买卖合同纠纷案件的评析

The Analysis and Judicial Rules on Default Party's Right to Terminate the Contract——Evaluation on the Dispute of Estate Trade Contract between Mr. Zhao and Mr. He

关于违约方是否可以解除合同的问题,我国法律没有明确具体的规定。正反两方面观点争锋相对,反对者以合同严守原则为理据,突出秩序维护,支持者则从经济利益出发,追求效率至上。笔者认为,赋予违约方合同解除权与合同严守原则并不矛盾,反而能更好的实现合同法自由、公平、秩序、效率价值在个案上的有机统一。但赋予违约方合同解除权绝不是无条件的、任意的,相反是严格的、谨慎的,应从适用条件、行使方式、违约责任承担、守约方利益保护等方面加以严格规范。当违约方请求解除合同,守约方主张继续履行合同时,人民法院应在判定违约方主观形态,审查合同履行客观条件基础上,综合考虑合同目的、履行意愿、社会成本、利益衡量、损失填补等因素,在继续履行与解除合同并赔偿损失之间作出判断,依法裁判合同是否解除。

Whether the default party could terminate the contract is not specified in the law in China. Two positive and negative views are tit for tat. The protesters emphasize order maintenance based on the principle of strict adherence to the contract. Advocates emphasize the economic interest and aim to maximize the efficiency. In my point of view, empowering the default party to terminate the contract is not contradictory to the principles of complying with the contract. It actually results in a better combination of freedom, justice, order,efficiency in an individual case. However, the right to dissolve a contract should not be empowered unconditionally and randomly, but strictly and cautiously. The empowering process should be strictly controlled on the basis of application condition, exercise style, liability for breaching the contract, and protection of interest for compliance with the contract. When the default party requests for the termination of the contract and observant party maintains to continue the execution of contract, People's Court is supposed to legally determine whether the contract should be terminated after judging the subjective form of default party, checking objective condition of execution of contract, and considering the contract purpose, willing to execute, social cost, interest, and compensation for loss.