不同类型洗消剂用于甲醇泄漏应急处置的对比研究

A Comparative Study on the Performances of Multi-type Agents Used for Emergency Disposal of Leaked Methanol

在小型模拟泄漏箱中,对细水雾、活性炭粉和泡沫3种洗消剂用于甲醇泄漏应急处置的有效性进行了实验研究。结果表明,在洗消剂用量为泄漏甲醇质量3倍的条件下,细水雾的洗消率可达70%以上,但箱体中的甲醇蒸气浓度快速回升;活性炭粉的洗消率仅为40%,但甲醇蒸气浓度回升幅度较小;泡沫的洗消率在90%以上,且甲醇蒸气浓度回升较慢。3种洗消剂施加后均不能使箱底的液态甲醇固化,流动的液体甲醇存在着扩大污染区域的潜在风险。采用干粉和泡沫联合洗消是甲醇泄漏应急处置的有效手段,对甲醇蒸气的洗消率达95%以上,并可使箱底的液态甲醇迅速凝固,抑制甲醇蒸气的二次挥发,克服了单一洗消剂使用时的不足,实现了两者的优势互补。

In a laboratory scale modeling leakage chamber, performances of water mist, activated carbon powder and foam in decontaminating leakage methanol was tested. Results showed that when the decontamination agent was 3 times of the leaked methanol in quality, water mist exhibited a decontaminating efficiency of 70 % to methanol gas, but the concentration of ethanol vapor would re - increase rapidly. Activated carbon powder showed a decontaminating efficiency of 40%, but the concentration of ethanol vapor would re - increase little. The foam agent had a decontamination efficiency of above 90 % to ethanol vapor and the concentration of ethanol vapor would re - increase slowly. Three kinds of decontamination agents all couldn＇ t make the liquid methanol in the bottom of chamber solidified and the flowing liquid methanol risked the spreading of pollution areas. The combination of foam and dry power was proved to be an efficient method to the emergency disposal for methanol leakage and the decontamination rate could reach above 95 % , in which the liquid ethanol solidified quickly and the secondary evaporation of ethanol vapor was suppressed, so the deficiencies using one single decontamination agent would be overcome and it was advantageous.