铁线莲品种群的花期观赏性状分析

Analysis of Florescence Characteristics on Clematis Cultivars Group

以79个观赏铁线莲(Clematis)栽培品种为对象,对Ⅰ次花的现蕾日期、孕蕾期天数、始花日期、盛花日期、落花日期、末花日期、单朵花期天数、花期天数和观赏期天数等9个性状进行了连续3年的系统观察和分析。以始花日期相差16 d为级差,将供试品种划分为极早花、早花、中花、晚花和极晚花等5大类群;以观赏期天数相差5 d为级差划分为极短花期、短花期、中长花期、长花期和超长花期5大花期长短类群。通过观赏多度指数(CDI)分析确定了铁线莲的最佳观赏期为4月中下旬至5月中下旬。温度是影响铁线莲花期的主要因素,孕蕾期天数、花期天数、观赏期天数与气温均显著相关,而单朵花期与气温相关性不显著。本结果可为铁线莲在园林应用中的品种组合配植、专类园建设、定向育种亲本选配等提供依据。

Plants of the genus Clematis, which has been featured long florescence, various flower pattern and color. To investigate the flowering characteristics of Clematis in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China, 9 primary florescence characteristics including squaring stage, bud stage, initial flowering stage, fullbloom stage, wither stage, last flowering stage, florescence, ornamental period and single flower florescence of 79 ornamental Clematis cultivars were observed and analysised in three consecutive years. Seventy-nine cultivars were categorized into 5 groups, including extremely early group, early group, medium group, late group, and extremely late group, according to the initial flowering stage data with 16 days as the differential. And according to the gradient of five days of ornamental period, 79 cultivars were categorized into another five groups, including very short flowering phase, short flowering phase, medium flowering phase, long flowering phase, very long flowering phase. CDI analysis showed that late April to late May were the best ornamental period of Clematis. Correlation analysis showed that the bud stage, florescence and ornamental period were significantly correlated to the temperature, while single flower has no such correlation. This paper could lay a foundation for the study on the flowering traits of Clematis, provide a theoretical basis for the landscape garden application, planting varieties collocation, specialized garden construction, and breeding parental select.