冷战时期(1950-1974)美国国际教育政策探析

Analysis of U.S. International Education Policy in The Cold War (1950-1974)

美国国际教育的兴起与美国的文化冷战战略密切相关。在教育服务于美国国家安全战略的政策之下,美国国际教育一方面通过教育塑造美国的良好国家形象,展示美国文化"软实力";另一方面也成为了美国向国外教育界进行文化扩张的主要途径。与此同时,美国国际教育作为文化冷战的产品,在冷战初期经历了其发展历程中最重要的成长和变革阶段。更为重要的是,结合当今现实,我们可以看出冷战时期美国国际教育的战略思维并没有因为冷战的结束而随之消逝,反而愈演愈烈,继续影响着今日美国国际教育的政策和格局,成为美国文化在全球范围内扩张的重要推手。

The International Education of the United States was closely related to its Cultural Cold War strategy. During the era that education served the national security strategy, the main function of U.S. International Education was to shape good image of America and to demonstrate U.S. soft power to the world. Meanwhile, the international education was also an instrument for cultural export. As a product of cultural cold war, U.S. International Education experienced the growing and changing stages in its developing history during the Cold War. More importantly, in view of today＇ s reality, we can find that the international ed- ucation strategic thinking of the U.S. during the Cold War did not fade away with the end of the Cold War, rather it is playing an even more important role in affecting today＇s international education decision making of the United States, and is becoming an important player in U.S. cultural expansion on a global scale.