美国高等院校“优惠录取政策”:成效、问题与争议

The “Affirmative Action Programs” implemented in U.S. Universities:The Effects,Problems and Disputes

长期以来,种族差异一直是制约美国高等教育公平发展的主要因素。为了促进高等教育公平,联邦与各州政府以及高等院校自身出台了一些具有种族倾向性特征的高校"优惠录取政策"(Affirmative Action Programs)。这些政策兼顾教育品质和教育公平发展,从整体上促进了美国高等教育公平发展。但是,这些政策在实施中也遇到了各种各样的问题,引起了政策制定者与学者们的争议与质疑。探析问题之原因,理清争议之所在,有助于反思促进公平的政策和措施。

Due to the long impact of facts including U.S. racism, there are some non- equality phenomenas of lacking education opportunities for minority students. According to these phenomenas, U.S. government unveiled some tendentious policies to the national minority. U.S. government saw the Seeking educational equity and keeping the muhicul- tural features as the important value orientation of making making the policies. In the process of the policies, U.S. Government took the quality of education and education equity in- to consideration and made the policies be fit to the the development of the times demand. The policies helped to improve the balanced development of allnational students admission opportunity in the field of the U.S. higher education. The policies could also enrich the personnel training system in the field of the basic education and higher education and improve the development of the ethnic higher education.