集团化办学何以成功?——大卫·哈格里夫斯“自我改进的学校系统”理论述评

How Can School Federations Be Successful? Review on the Theory of Self-improving System of Schools by David Hargreaves

近年来,集团化办学在我国许多城市成为了改革的热点,而这种依靠校间合作与学校联盟的改革,与英国目前流行的"自我改进的学校系统"有诸多类似。在英国,剑桥大学教授大卫·哈格里夫斯关于"自我改进的学校系统"的理论成为英国推进此项改革的官方哲学。对于如何进行集团化办学,大卫·哈格里夫斯提出应加强学校的专业发展能力与伙伴关系能力,促进学校内部和学校之间"共同的实践发展"、提升学校成员之间的社会资本,通过分布式学校领导为教师赋权、促进学校之间的相互评估与挑战等等。回顾国内,我们在集团化办学的切入点与办学模式上可以加以反思,并以此理论深入理解集团化办学的复杂性。

In recent years, the emerging of school federations has been a highlighted education reform in many cities around China. Featured with school-to-school support and school alliances, the reform shared a lot of similarities with the Serf-improving System of Schools, which is very widespread in England nowadays. In the latter, David Hargreaves, a professor from University of Cambridge, has formed the theory of this system and been regarded as the official philosophy in this new trend. As to foster the practice of serf-improv- ing system of schools, David Hargreaves proposed that the school cluster should build the competence in professional development and partnership, which include joint practice development, high social capital, distributed leadership, evaluation and challenge between and within schools, etc. As a reflection to China, the breakthrough point and model of school alliances could be rethought and further understanding is needed as to the complexity of school alliance practice.