全麻药物神经毒性的研究进展

Research Progress in General Anesthetics-induced Neurotoxicity

随着现代医学的不断发展,越来越多的新生儿、婴幼儿、孕妇由于接受必要的诊断性检查、手术等需要进行全身麻醉。既往认为,全身麻醉是一种可逆性意识改变。但是鉴于接受全麻的婴幼儿其大脑处于发育高峰期,目前对于短期使用全麻药物是否将对神经发育产生毒性作用,触发持久不可逆的功能形态学改变,进而影响婴幼儿智力发育与认知尚有争议。因此,对全麻药物神经毒性的研究受到较多关注。基于最新相关实验与临床研究情况,综述近年来全麻药物神经毒性可能作用机制的研究进展,旨在为相关科学进一步研究和更为合理的指导临床麻醉实践提供参考。

With continuous development of modern medicine, more and more infants, newborns and gravidas need to receive general anesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Previous studies hold the view that general anesthesia is a reversible loss of consciousness. However, the infants who received general anesthesia were under the peak stage of neurodevelopment, it＇s still unclear whether short-term exposure of general anesthetics may cause neurodevelopmental toxicity in the brain, trigger lasting and irreversible functional and morphological changes, and finally exert long-term effect on intelligence and cognition. Therefore, more attention has been attracted to the research of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Based on the latest progress in laboratory and elinical researches, the possible mechanisms of general anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity were reviewed in this article, so as to provide reference for further researches and more rational guidance on clinical practice of anesthesia.