论阿奎那对亚里士多德命题量性的解释

On Aquinas' Interpretation of Aristotle's Concept of the Quantity of Proposition

亚里士多德在《解释篇》中将命题分为"全称命题"和"单称命题",又在《前分析篇》中将命题分为"全称命题""特称命题"和"不定命题"。由于亚氏并未进行过多解释,逻辑学家往往对这些划分产生很大疑惑,其中有四点较为明显。依据托马斯·阿奎那对亚氏命题量性的解释,可以勾勒出亚氏《解释篇》的整体思路,进而可以对四点疑惑进行细致的辨析和澄清,说明以往学者在讨论这些问题时的疏漏之处,揭示亚氏命题量性的实质所在。

Aristotle＇s work On Interpretation divided the propositions into ＂universal propositions＂ and singular propositions＂, while in his another work Prior Analytics, he divided the propositions into ＂universal propositions＂, ＂particular propositions＂, and ＂indefinite propositions＂. Because Aristotle did not give enough explanations to his divisions, the logicians have been often confused about them. Among the questions raised by the logicians, four are remarkable. According to Thomas Aquinas＇ interpretation of Aristotle＇s concept of the quantity of proposition, we can trace Aristotle＇s general train of thought, providing detailed analysis and clarification about these four questions by examining the mistakes in the previous discussions. Based on the above examinations, the essence of Aristotle＇s concept of the quantity of proposition is revealed.