基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性研究综述

Review of groundwater vulnerability assessment based on DRASTIC Model

地下水脆弱性评价是合理开发利用和保护地下水的基础,是环境规划部门制定地下水保护计划的决策依据之一。DRASTIC模型是地下水脆弱性评价中使用最广泛的方法,阐述了该模型的研究进展及其应用情况,其中,主观性较强是其主要缺陷之一。针对这一缺陷,分别从敏感度分析、模型检验及评价等级划分3个方面综述了国内外模型改进的研究进展。针对目前研究中存在的不足,建议采用主成分分析法、灰色关联度法、层次分析法以及BP神经网络法等方法确定指标权重,依据可拓学理论制定等级划分标准,最后运用多种典型污染物检验模型评价结果,着力克服模型的主观性问题,进一步完善DRASTIC模型。

Groundwater vulnerability assessment （GVA） is the basis of reasonable exploitation and protection of groundwater resources and is one of the decision-making bases for the environmental planning department to make a groundwater protection plan. DRASTIC vulnerability index method is an extensively applied model in GVA, but one of its serious defects is the strong subjectivity. Aimed at this defect, the domestic and foreign re- search progress of the model improvement was reviewed from three aspects including the sensitivity analysis, the model test and the rating classification. For the existing disadvantages, the principal component analysis, grey correlation method, analytic hierarchy process and BP neural network method were recommended to determine the index weight, and then the grading standards were developed based on the extension theory. Finally, in order to further improve the DRASTIC model, a variety of typical pollutant test models were used to evaluate the results and to overcome the problem of subjectivity in the model on purpose.