佛教心灵哲学的“发现”与探索:基于《楞严经》的解读

“Discovery” and Exploration of Buddhist Philosophy of Mind:An Interpretation Based on The Shurangama Sutra

相对于世间的心理学、心灵哲学来说,乃至相对于得到了极大发展、成就卓著的现当代西方心灵哲学来说,佛教的心灵哲学确有自己超越和殊胜的一面。它既涉及了现当代西方心灵哲学的广泛论题,如心的本质、现象学性质等,又提出了独特的问题,如心与解脱的关系、真心与妄心的关系等,并建构了自己的话语和理论体系。就特点而言,它有两个维度和三大发现,两个维度即不可说的维度和可说的维度,三大发现分别是,第一,发现了常见的心理现象后还隐藏着一种"真心",第二,在人们注意到的表层心理现象之外又发现了许多没有为人们注意到的深层心理,如第八识、无明、第九识等,第三,除了自在的心理现象之外,认识到世界上还存在着以现象学真心和妄心表现出来的高阶心理现象。

Compared with psychology and philosophy of mind, especially the well- developed and well-renowned contemporary western philosophy of mind, philosophy of mind in Buddhism does have an upper hand. It refers to widely-discussed topics in contemporary western philosophy of mind like the quality and phenomenological features of mind, comes up with the unique questions like the relationships between mind and moksha and between the true mind and the false mind, and has constructed its own system of discourse and theories. Buddhist philosophy of mind reveals two dimensions and three discoveries. The two dimensions are the dimension of the speakable and the dimension of the unspeakable. The first discovery is to find the hidden ＂true mind＂ in common mental phenomena; The second is the observation of deep psychology as well as superficial mental phenomena, for instance, alaya, avidya and amala; The third is the finding of mental phenomena with phenomenological features （or as high-order phenomena or presented as phenomenological true mind and false mind）beside self- mastery mental phenomena.