家庭背景对我国重点高中入学机会的影响--基于2014年高等教育改革学生调查的实证分析

Impacts of Family Background on Entrance Opportunity of Key Senior High School in China

本文基于2014年高等教育改革学生调查问卷的本科教学调研数据,分析家庭教育背景、家庭职业背景、家庭经济背景和家庭城乡背景等对重点高中入学机会的影响。实证研究结果显示,家庭背景越好的学生进入重点高中的比例越高。重点高中入学机会影响因素的分析结果发现:从总样本看,父亲的受教育年限越高,家住城市,父亲职业层次越高,家庭收入越高,子女进入重点高中的机会比率都显著更高;分城乡和性别子样本看,均表明家庭背景越好,进入重点高中概率越高,其中农村孩子进入重点高中比城市孩子更加依赖父亲职业层级,女性比男性更加依赖家庭教育和城乡背景;重点高校入学机会影响因素的分析结果发现:重点高中是对进入重点高校最主要的影响因素。

This study analyzes the influence of family background on entrance opportunity of key senior high school and finds out that： （1） students from higher social economic status family have a higher proportion in taking key senior high school; （2） the higher father＇s degree, occupation level and family income and city background have significantly positive effect on the probability of coming into key senior high school; （3） in gender and region subsamples, the better the family background is, the higher of the possibilities of coming into the key high school will be; （4） the students from rural areas：rely more on the level of father＇s job than that of urban students and female students rely more on father＇s degree and city background than that of male students; （5） students in key senior high school have more advantages to be admitted by key university.