学生对教育机会分配公平的满意度及其差异

The Satisfaction and Difference on Students' Attitude towards Equal Distribution of Educational Opportunities

对于教育机会公平,国内有关于其定义、表现、成因、对策等方面的研究,但鲜有对教育机会分配公平性的满意度及其差异的调查研究。本研究通过对全国九省不同层级一万余名学生的调查发现,总体上,近七成的学生对目前政府致力于教育机会分配的公平性改革持比较满意的态度,然而不同人口学变量特质的学生在满意度的感知上存在显著差异。总的来说是东部地区、城市及县城、独生子女、父亲职业社会经济地位越高、母亲受教育水平越高、家庭年收入越高的学生满意度越高,而中西部、女生、老大、年龄越大、学段越高、越是家住在乡镇及农村、父亲职业社会经济地位越低、家庭年收入水平越低的学生越不满意。根据这些差异本研究提出了提高教育机会分配公平满意度的对策建议。

This research, through the survey over ten thousand students in nine provinces, found out that near seventy percent students hold the positive and satisfied attitude towards the reform of the equal distribution of educational opportunities conducted by the government in China. There exists significant difference among the demographic factors of regions, provinces, gender, the birth order of the children in the family, age, phase of studying, residency, fathers＇ career, mothers＇ degree of education, family annual income level, location of the schools. As a result, the students who come from eastern regions, big cities and county towns, one-child family, higher ranks of fathers＇ job, higher education level of mothers＇ education, much richer families have higher satisfaction, while the students who come from middle and western regions, small towns and rural areas, female students, older in age, higher schooling stage, lower ranks of fathers＇ job, less income families have lower satisfaction. Regarding on these difference it put forth the countermeasures to improve the students＇ satisfaction on the distribution of educational opportunity.