我国农业区域专业化实证分析

Empirical analysis on agricultural regional specialization in China

运用产业经济学的产业集聚理论,选取我国26省1995年—2014年的省际面板数据,基于LQ指数和RCA指数的测算方法对各省农业的地区专业化进行研究,发现:(1)我国农业主要集中在中西部地区,其在承载就业和供给农产品上占有很大比重;(2)从东、中、西部三个地区历年的LQ指数和RCA指数对应标准差异指数的动态变动趋势来看,东部地区在农业从业人员的转移就业上消化吸纳作用较强,而且三个地区在吸纳农业从业人员转移就业上的差异还在不断扩大;(3)东、中、西部三个地区历年的RCA指数都呈扩大的趋势,但西部地区年均增速最快,说明西部地区农业在创造农业产值上的作用逐渐显现。基于以上结论,认为应制定规划,建立农业主产功能专业化分区;制定政策,建立中央层面的省际农业补贴机制;地区间的专业化与地区内的多样化相统一;培育农业专业化的多种类型和多种主体;发挥市场机制的调节作用。

Based on the industrial agglomeration theory in industrial economics, the data of 26 provinces in China from 1995 to 2014 and the method of LQ index and RCA index, this paper studied the regional specialization in the provinces. It found that （1） China＇s agriculture is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions, which has a large proportion of employment and supply of agricultural products. （2） from the dynamic change trend of LQ index and RCA index corresponding to the standard difference coefficient, absorbing the agricultural workers employment transfer in the eastern region is stronger and differences of three regions in absorbing agricultural workers employment transfer are still expanding. （3） the RCA index has shown a trend of expansion in the three regions of east, middle and western, but the average annual growth rate in the western region is the fastest, which indicates that the increase of agricultural output in the western region is relatively fast. Therefore, we should establish agricultural zone of production specialization and the inter-province agricultural subsidy mechanism at the central level, combine the specialization with the diversification of the region, cultivate varieties and types of agricultural specialization and strengthen the regulatory role of the market mechanism.