不同发酵时间对乳酸菌发酵饲料中主要营养物质主要营养物质、乳酸菌和乳酸含量的影响

Effects of Different Fermentation Time on Main Nutrients,Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid in Feed Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria

试验旨在研究不同发酵时间对乳酸菌发酵饲料中主要营养物质、乳酸菌和乳酸含量的影响。利用植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵由玉米、菜籽粕、棉籽粕组成的混合饲料,发酵30 d,每隔5 d取样检测发酵饲料中的主要营养物质、乳酸菌和乳酸含量。结果:乳酸菌发酵饲料粗蛋白、氨基酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、钙、非植酸磷、氯和钠等营养物质含量显著高于未发酵饲料(P<0.05);发酵饲料总能和表观代谢能显著低于未发酵饲料(P<0.05);发酵饲料乳酸菌数量和乳酸含量显著高于未发酵饲料(P<0.05),随着发酵时间延长,乳酸菌数量呈明显下降趋势。发酵至第5天,发酵饲料粗蛋白、代谢能、乳酸菌数和乳酸含量分别为20.42%、6.19 MJ/kg、19.0×10~7g和137.15 mmol/kg,第10天分别为19.57%、6.13 MJ/kg、12.67×10~7g和147.29 mmol/kg。而且随着发酵时间的增加,饲料中粗蛋白、氨基酸、蛋氨酸、总能、代谢能、乳酸菌活菌数及乳酸均呈二次曲线关系。提示乳酸菌发酵饲料在发酵后5~10 d内使用比较适宜。

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different fermentation time on main nutrients,lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid in feed fermented by lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used to ferment the feed mixed with corn, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal for 30 days. The main nutrient content, lactic acid bacteria count and lactic acid content in fermented feed were sampled every 5 days and determined.The results showed that the contents of crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium, non-phytate phosphorus, chlorine and sodium in fermented feed were significantly higher than those in unfermented feed （P〈0.05）. The total energy and apparent metabolizable energy of fermented feed were significantly lower than those of unfel-nented feed （P〈0.05）. The lactic acid bacteria count and lactic acid content in fermented feed were significantly higher than those in unfermented feed （P〈0.05）,and the count of lactic acid bacteria was decreased with the prolonging of fermentation time. At 5th day of fermenting, the levels of crude protein, metabolizable energy, lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid in fermented feed were 20.42%,6.19 MJ/kg,19.0xl07/g and 137.15 mmol/kg respectively. At 10th day of fermenting,the levels of crude protein, metabolizable energy,lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid in the fermented feed were 19.57%,6.13 Ml/kg, 12.67×10^7/g and 147.29 mmol/kg respectively. With the increase of fermentation time,the levels of crude protein,amino acid,methionine, total energy, metabolic energy,lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid had a quadratic curve relationship with fermentation time. It was suggested that the feed fermented with lactic acid bacteria for 5 to 10 days was suitable for use.