次国家政府外交的发展及其在中国跨境区域合作中的实践

Sub-State Government Diplomacy and Its Practice in Trans-boundary Cooperation

次国家政府外交是全球化时代外交转型的重要表现。国际上有"平行外交"、"多层次外交"等各种理论从制度、形式、规范等不同的角度阐释次国家政府外交的重要性,而中国的次国家政府外交也经历了改革开放初期的不平衡发展,90年代到2010年左右的快速发展,及近年来以战略性与多样性的深度融合为特点的三个阶段。结合云南德宏州参与跨境合作的案例,本文认为,中国的次国家政府外交开始具备软介入、战略性、功能性等特征。次国家政府外交的进一步发展既可以成为中国特色大国外交推进的重要组成部分,也能够为外交学研究提供更多的中国经验。

Sub-state government diplomacy is a very important reflection of diplomatic transformation in the era of globalization. There are different theories from institution, form and norm to illustrate the importance of sub-state diplomacy, such as paradiplomacy, multi-layered diplomacy, and etc. China＇s practice has experienced three stages： the imbalanced development stage of the beginning of opening up in late 1970s, the fast development stage from 1990s to 2010, and a recent strategic deep integrated stage. From the case of Yunnan, it can be found that China＇ sub-state diplomacy has already embodies the features of soft involvement, strategy and function. The development of sub-state government diplomacy can not only contribute to the great power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, but also provide more Chinese experience for diplomacy study.