GLP-1RA在糖尿病神经病变治疗中潜在作用及机制研究进展

Research Progress of the Potential Role and Mechanism of GLP-1RA in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy

糖尿病神经病变是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,主要包括糖尿病周围神经病变、中枢神经病变以及自主神经病变,但其病因和发病机制尚不清楚。胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)是2型糖尿病药物作用的新靶点,具有降低血糖、改善β细胞功能、延缓胃排空、增强饱腹感和保护心血管及神经组织等多种功效。其类似物GLP-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA),作为新型降糖药物,成为糖尿病及其慢性并发症治疗领域的研究热点。其中,GLP-1RA可通过加快神经传导速度,增加神经轴突的数量,为神经细胞直接提供营养因子,抑制神经细胞凋亡,拮抗氧化应激等多种潜在作用改善糖尿病神经病变的症状,将为糖尿病神经病变的治疗提供新方法。

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy, but its etiology and pathogenesis is unclear. Glucagon-like peptide-1 （ GLP-1 ） is a new target for the drug of type 2 diabetes. It has the functions of lowering blood glucose ,improving cell fhnction, delaying gastric emptying, enhancing satiety,protecting cardiovascular and nervous tissues and other effects. GLP-1 receptor agonist（ GLP-1RA）, as a novel hypoglycemic agent, has become a hot spot in the field of treatment of diabetes and its chronic complications. Among them, GLP-1RA can improve the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy by accelerating nerve conduction velocity, increasing the number of axons, providing nerve cells with nutrition factors, inhibiting neu- ronal apoptosis, antagonizing oxidative stress and other potential effects, and will provide a new treatment of diabetic neuropathy.