颈动脉粥样硬化斑块分型及稳定性评估的影像学研究进展

Research Progress in Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Classification and Stability Evaluation

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是临床的常见病及多发病。颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块破裂引发的颅内血管栓塞是缺血性脑卒中的主要致病因素。因此,运用影像学方法早期检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的组织学成分,评估斑块的稳定性对临床防治急性缺血性脑卒中具有重要的指导意义,也是目前的研究热点。除常规检查方法外,越来越多的影像新技术运用到颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的检测中,研究重心也逐步从评估颈动脉管腔狭窄程度转变为检测斑块的组织学成分,从而为临床进行早期预防和干预,减少缺血性脑卒中事件的发生提供影像学依据。

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is a common and frequently-occurring disease. Intracranial vascular embolization caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture of carotid atherosclerosis is the main causative factor of ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is of great significance for clinical strategy to early detect the histological component of carotid plaque and assess plaque stability by imaging method,which is also a hot research topic. In addition to conventional methods, more and more new imaging techniques are applied to the detection of carotid plaque. The focus of the study is gradually changed from the assessment of degree of carotid lumen stenosis to the detection of histological components of the plaque, so as to provide an imaging reference for early prevention and intervention to reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke.