论民航机长的权力

Study on the Power of Aircraft Commander

明确机长法律地位对航空器安全飞行至关重要,《东京公约》《蒙特利尔议定书》等国际公约和各国国内法都规定机长在飞行中拥有最高的权力。随着航空运输业的快速发展,一系列涉及机长法律地位的问题随之出现,而现有法规在解决这些问题时存在一定的疏漏。因此,有必要对这些问题进行重新审视。立足司法实践,运用比较分析和实证分析等方法对民航机长权力的属性、范围及限制予以探析,从理论上对机长权力所涉及的法律规则进行梳理。与国际公约和各国立法的规定相比较,中国现行立法存在规定过于分散、法律位阶衔接性差等问题,尤其是对机长的决策权、治安处罚权以及权力的限制等规定尚有缺失,应当进一步完善,以保障航空运输安全和机上人员的合法权利。

To clarify the legal status of the captain is essential for the safe flight of the aircraft,the Tokyo Convention,the Montreal Protocol and the domestic laws stipulate that the captain has the supreme authority during transport period. With the rapid development of the air transport industry,a series of questions concerning the legal status of the captain occur ensued,and the existing stipulations not cover these new issues,it is necessary to review the current air laws and regulations. Therefore,this thesis analyzes the attributes,scope and limits of the power of the captain base on judicial practice,by using comparative analysis method and empirical analysis method,and theoretically combs the legal rules involved in the power of the captain. To compared with the provisions of international conventions and foreign legislation,the existing legislation of China is too fragmented,the poorly convergence of laws,etc. Especially lack of the provisions that relate to the decision-making power,security penalties,and restrictions of captain,it should be have a further improvement to protect the safety of air transport and the legitimate interests of people who on the flight.