不同栽培方式对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effect of Different Cultivation Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize

为探索贵州地区玉米获得高产稳产的适宜栽培方式,在大田试验条件下,开展了6种不同栽培方式试验,揭示了6种不同的栽培方式对玉米叶面积指数、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合速率以及最终籽粒产量的影响,为贵州玉米高效生产提供基础理论依据。结果表明:与对照相比,秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖均可提高叶面积指数、净光合速率,抽雄期的净光合速率达到峰值,从而显著提高玉米产量。在乳熟期,不同处理方式的光饱和点明显高于抽雄期,明显表现出移栽的要高于直播的,达到了差异显著性水平,地膜覆盖育苗移栽的LSP、LCP、AQE、A_(max)均显著性提高,表观量子效率的增大,提高了净光合速率,延缓了衰老,提高了光补偿点,进而提高最终产量,最终测产的结果也是地膜覆盖育苗移栽产量最高,相对于常规直播提高了20.5%,秸秆覆盖和常规对照的差异并不明显。籽粒产量与行粒数、穗行数、百粒重、穗长呈显著性相关。总的来说,地膜覆盖育苗移栽有利于提高玉米的光合特性和籽粒产量,是一种适合贵州地区的一种栽培方式。

The research aims to provide a theoretical basis for efficient production of maize in Guizhou. To explore the suitable cultivation method for high and stable yield of maize in Guizhou, 6 different cultivation methods were studied by field experiments, and the effects of 6 different cultivation methods on leaf area index, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and final grain yield of maize were analyzed. The results showed that： compared with the control, straw mulching and plastic film mulching could increase leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate, the photosynthetic rate reached the peak at the tasseling stage, and thus significantly increased maize production. In the milky ripe stage, the light saturation point of different treatments was higher than that of tasseling stage, that of transplant treatment was significantly higher than that of the direct seeding, reached a significant level of difference; the LSP, LCP, AQE and Amax of plastic film mulching transplant were significantly increased, the increase of apparent quantum efficiency raised the net photosynthetic rate, delayed the aging, improved the light compensation point and increased the final yield, and plastic film mulching transplant treatment had the highest final yield, compared with the conventional direct seeding, increased by 20.5%; there was no significant difference between straw mulching and conventional control. There was a significant correlation between grain yield and grain number, ear row number, 100 grain weight and ear length. In general, plastic film mulching transplant was beneficial to improving the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of maize, which was a kind of cultivation method suitable for Guizhou.