基于随机效用理论的城市道路车辆自由换道行为研究

Behavior of Discretionary Lane Changing on Urban Streets Based on Random Utility Theory

为深入分析城市道路驾驶员换道行为的影响因素,基于大连市西南路路段的车辆运行轨迹数据,引入随机效用理论,建立了城市道路车辆自由换道模型,并对模型进行了标定和验证,且应用弹性理论定量分析了换道概率对不同因素的敏感度。结果表明,所建模型可以较好地预测车辆的自由换道行为;驾驶员换道决策对本车与当前车道前方车辆之间的车头间距最为敏感;相对于当前车道前方空隙的刺激,相邻车道驾驶环境的诱惑对驾驶员换道决策的影响较小,说明在前方无不利刺激(狭小的驾驶空间或加速空间)的情况下,驾驶员在行驶过程中倾向于保持在当前车道。该研究结果可进一步应用于城市道路换道行为的微观仿真研究中,以提高其仿真精度。

In order to study the impact of various factors on drivers＇ lane changing behavior on urban street, using the vehicle trajectory data collected from Southwest Road of Dalian city, the discretionary lane changing model on urban street was set up based on the random utility theory. The built model was calibrated and validated, and the sensitivity of lane changing probability to different factors was quantita- tively evaluated by using elasticity analysis theory. The results show that the model can predict the be- havior of discretionary lane changing well; the probability of lane changing is most sensitive to the space headway between the vehicle and its leading vehicle; comparatively, the temptation of the driving envi- ronment on the adjacent lane has less impact; in the absence of unfavorable stimulus （narrow driving space or acceleration space） in front of the vehicle, drivers tend to keep on the current lane while driving. The result can be furtherly applied in the microscopic simulations of the lane changing behavior on urban streets so as to enhance the precision of the simulations.