2014年宁夏饮水型地方性氟中毒情况分析

Drinking Water Type Endemic Fluorosis in Monitoring Data of Ningxia in 2014

目的分析2014年宁夏饮水型地方性氟中毒监测数据及成人氟骨症检出率,为今后全区地方性氟中毒监测及防治工作提供科学依据。方法选择灵武市、利通区、青铜峡市、同心县、盐池县、西吉县、彭阳县、海原县和沙坡头区等9个监测点的病区村为调查地点。对病区村25岁以上且在当地居住5年以上人群开展调查。为调查对象拍摄前臂和小腿X线片用于氟骨症诊断,采集调查对象尿液样本和病区村饮用水样本进行氟含量测定。结果已改水地区与未改水地区的水氟合格与不合格人群年龄分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。已改水地区水氟、尿氟水平均低于未改水地区(P均<0.01)。已改水地区,水氟合格地区人群氟骨症检出率(40.47%)高于水氟不合格地区(26.26%)(χ~2=13.603,P=0.003);未改水地区,水氟合格地区人群氟骨症检出率(8.16%)低于水氟不合格地区(36.84%)(χ~2=14.658,P=0.001);改水地区与未改水地区人群氟骨症检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=7.555,P=0.056)。水氟合格地区人群氟骨症检出率(38.99%)高于水氟不合格地区(31.12%)(χ~2=9.628,P=0.022)。不同地区水氟合格人群氟骨症检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=126.747,P=0.000)。结论实施改水降氟措施后短期内出现了改水合格地区氟骨症检出率高于改水不合格地区的情况。改水合格不同地区的氟骨症检出率相差较大。

Objective To analyze the detection rate of adult-skeletal fluorosis of drinking water type endemic fluorosis in monitoring data of Ningxia in 2014 and to provide a scientific basis for monitoring , prevention and control of endemic fluorosis of Ningxia in the future. Methods 9 ward villages of Lingwu, Litong, Qingtongxia, Tongxin, Yanchi, Xiji, Pengyang,Haiyuan and Shapotou County were selected as monitoring sites for investigation. The people that more than 25 years old and 5 years living in the ward village were investigated. The forearm and crus X-ray films were made for the diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis. Urine samples and ward village water samples were collected for determination of the fluorine content. Results There were no statistics difference in the age distribution between the water fluoride qualified people and water fluoride unqualified people both in improveing water areas and the unchanged water areas（P〉0.05）. The mean of water and urine fluoride in improveing water areas were lower than that in the unchanged water areas（P〈0.01 ）. In improving water areas, the crowd skeletal fluorosis detection rate in water fluoride qualified areas was significantly higher than that in the water fluorine unqualified parts（x2=13.603,P=0.003）. In the unchanged water areas, the crowd skeletal fluorosis detection rate in water fluoride qualified areas was significantly lower than in the water fluorine unqualified parts （X2=I4.658,P=0.001）. There was no statistically difference of the crowd skeletal fluorosis detection rate between the improving water areas and the unchanged water areas （X2=7.555, P=0.056）. The crowd skeletal fluorosis detection rate in water fluoride qualified areas was significantly higher than in the water fluorine unqualified areas （X2=9.628, P=0.022）. Compared the detection rate of crowd skeletal fluorosis in different areas, the highest was Yanchi, and the lowest was Litong, the difference was statistically significant （X2=126.747,P=0.000）. Conclusion In a short time, there was a situation that improvement of water and the water fluoride qualified areas crowd skeletal fluorosis detection rate was higher than improvement of water and the water fluorine unqualified parts after the change of water decreasing fluorine measures. In improvement of water areas, there was a difference of crowd skeletal fluorosis detection rate in different parts.