我国改革开放过程中的标准化体制转型研究——从政府治理到民间治理

Study on Standards Institutional Transformation in the Process of China's Reform and Opening——from Government Governance to Civil Governance

本文回顾了我国在文化大革命之前建立计划经济体制,经过改革开放和经济的快速发展,标准化体制的逐渐转型过程。1989年颁布的标准化法承袭了计划经济政府管理体系,在标准化机制和标准属性方面进行了一定调整。进入21世纪之后在政府的推动和鼓励下,民间开始出现联盟标准化并且快速发展,个别的标准化协会也开始制定协会标准。本文提出,政府的"多决策体系"在改革开放初期发挥了重要作用,但是在经济高速发展之后陷入了机构裂化、治理碎片化,治理失灵的困境。相应的改革建议用"整体治理"思路进行政府体系整合并对民间标准化放松管制。

This paper reviews the process of standardization institutional transformation of China, from the planned economy institution established before the culture revolution to the period of reform and opening and fast development of economy. The Standardization Law issued in 1989 inherited the government management system of planned economy, however, it only had some adjustments in standardization mechanism and standards attributes. After entering the 21th century, encouraged and promoted by the government, alliances/consortia standardization have developed very fast, and several standards associations have started to set up association standards. This paper presents that the government＇ s ＂multi-decision-making＂ system plays a very important role during the early period of reform and opening, but fell in the dilemma of institutions cracking, governance fragmentation and failure after the fast development of economy. It offers a piece of suggestion to integrate the government systems by using the measure of ＂holistic governance＂ and deregulate civil/private standardization.