加速运动点电荷瞬时自身系中的势与场

THE POTENTIALS AND FIELDS OF AN ACCELERATED CHARGE IN ITS INSTANTANEOUS REST FRAME

本文从点电荷在自身系中激发的惠特克(Whittaker)势出发,通过点电荷自身参考系与瞬时自身系之间的广义林德勒(Rindler)变换分析了点电荷做一般加速运动时其瞬时自身系中的电磁势与场强分布。使用四维张量在不同参考系变换的方法所求出的点电荷在瞬时自身系中的电场强度分布与前人通过定性分析得出的结果一致。本文的新意在于求出了点电荷瞬时自身系中的电磁势具有非零的空间分量,从而消除了流行教材在此问题上潜在的逻辑漏洞。本文的工作或许可以为使用洛伦兹变换推求运动点电荷在一般的惯性参考系中激发的电磁场分布的方法提供一个可靠的物理前提。

Starting from the Whittaker potential of an accelerated point charge in its comoving frame, we discuss the calculations of electromagnetic potentials and field strengths of the charge in the inertial frame in which the charge keeps static instantaneously. Our strategy is to utilize a generalized Rindler transformation between the mentioned two frames, and our results on field strengths coincide with those derived from Green function methods or Lienard Wiechert potential. What is new of the paper relies on the fact that we have found a nonvanishing spatial component of the potential 4-vector in the instantaneously comoving frame, that eliminates a possible bug of Lienard-Wiechert potential. Our work does probably supply a sol id starting point for utilizing Lorentz transformations to calculate the potential and field strength of a charged particle in general inertial frames.