积极话语分析视角下演讲中态度资源的对比分析

The Comparative Analysis of Attitudinal Resources in Speeches from the Perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis

本研究以Martin提出的评价理论为理论基础,从积极话语分析视角探讨中美演讲者们分别在演讲中如何使用态度资源去激励和鼓舞当代大学生。本文以2016年中美大学毕业典礼演讲为语料,选取中美各五篇,并借助UAM语料库标记工具对中美大学毕业典礼演讲中的态度资源进行统计与对比分析。研究发现,在态度资源子系统中,中美两国大学毕业典礼演讲中的判定资源所占比重都较高,中国演讲者使用的鉴赏资源比重明显低于美国演讲者,但情感资源比重高于美国演讲者。在构建演讲语篇上,中美两国演讲者都重点倡导社会上的规范与原则。其中,美国演讲者更侧重对事物社会价值的鉴赏,而中国演讲者更注重与学生情感上的沟通和维系。

Based on the theoretical foundation of Martin＇ s appraisal theory, this research aims at discussing how Chinese and American speakers use attitudinal resources to encourage contemporary college students from the perspective of positive discourse analysis （PDA）. The research objects of this 5 commencement speeches from Chinese universities and 5 from American universities in 2016 and are analyzed by UAM Corpus Tool to make a statistics and a comparative analysis on the attitudinal resources in these speeches. The research finds that, in the subsystems of attitudinal resources, firstly, the proportion of judgment in both Chinese and American commencement speeches is quiet high. Secondly, the proportion of appreciation used by Chinese speakers is significantly lower than that of American speakers. Thirdly, the proportion of affect used by Chinese speakers is higher than that of American speakers. About constructing the discourse of commencement speeches, both Chinese and American speakers focus on emphasizing social norms and principles. American speakers pay more attention to appreciate the social value of things. However, Chinese speakers lay emphasis on students＇ affective communication and connection. Key Words：