膳食脂肪酸对人体脂蛋白代谢影响研究进展

Research progress of the effects of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism

血脂异常是诱发心血管疾病(CVD)的主要危险因素之一。膳食脂肪酸的组成可以调节脂肪及脂蛋白代谢,缓解血脂异常,从而有益于改善CVD。本文旨在介绍几种膳食脂肪酸对人体脂蛋白代谢影响的最新研究进展。血脂异常患者摄入高比例的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)可以减少肝脏分泌富甘油三酯脂蛋白(TRL)促进TRL向低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的转化,同时n-3PUFA可以减少TRLapoB-48分泌。高比例的n-6PUFA摄入可通过加速极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的脂解作用来降低二者的浓度。在一项针对饱和脂肪酸的研究中,高sn-2位软脂酸膳食可以降低餐后血脂。降低中链甘油三酯(MCT)的比例不会明显改变TRL的代谢。将摄入的碳水化合物替换为单不饱和脂肪酸可增加TRL代谢率。反式脂肪酸会降低LDL分解同时提高高密度脂蛋白(HDL)分解。以n-3PUFA为代表的脂肪酸调节脂蛋白代谢可以作为一种调控血脂及预防潜在CVD的途径。本文同时将介绍载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因与n-3PUFA的相互作用。

Dyslipidemia is one kind of main risk factors related to cardiovascular disease（CVD）. Lipids and lipoprotein was regulated by dietary fatty acid composition. Which may relieve dyslipidemia and be beneficial to improve CVD. This review renewed research of the function of dietary fatty-acids on lipoprotein metabolism. High n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids（PUFA） concentration in old people with dyslipidemia may lower triglyceride-rich lipoprotein（TRL）releasing in liver and upregulate TRL to lowdensity lipoprotein（LDL）transition. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL apo B-48 concentration by decreasing TRL apo B-48 secretion. Triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein（VLDL）cholesterol concentrations was diminished by high n-6 PUFA increasing VLDL lipolysis rate and uptake. In one research about dietary fatty-acid,the uptake of high sn-2 position palmitic acid,one kind of saturated fatty-acids,was related with deminished postprandial lipemia. TRL metabolism may not affect by low medium-chain triglyceride.Monounsaturated fatty-acids replaced by carbohydrate may up-regulate TRL catabolism. Trans-fatty-acidup regulated high-density lipoprotein catabolism and down regulated LDL. Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism by fatty acids represented by n-3 PUFA,which can be used as a way of regulating blood lipid and preventing potential CVD. Interactions between n-3 PUFA and APOE genotype in modifying lipid responses were also involved in this paper.