英国城镇化中的交通因素

The Transport Factors of the English Urbanization Process

交通网络的优化以及交通效率的提升,是城镇化顺利推进的基本保障和基础性支撑。中古时期,英国水陆交通网基本形成,运输效率明显提高,有利地推动了商业化和城镇化进程。16、17世纪英国水陆交通网在中古基础上继续改进,运输职业化日益普及,使港口城镇的优势更加明显,也提升了专业市场城镇和制造业城镇的影响。工业化时期,英国水陆交通的一体化和革命性变化极大地促进了工业化的普及和西北部制造业城镇的崛起,港口和陆路枢纽城镇的重要性凸显,休闲城镇应运而生。

The optimization of the transport network and the improvement of transport efficiency are the prerequisites of the smooth urbanization.Medieval England witnessed the basic formation of transport network and the marked progress of transport effi ciency,which favorably supported the process of commercialization and urbanization.The transport network continued to upgrade and the specialization of transport industry came into being in the 16^(th) and 17^(th) century England,which promoted the commercialization and specialization,among which the port towns,professional market towns and manufacturing towns highlighted.During the period of industrialization,the integration of water and land transport network and the transport revolution greatly promoted the industrialization and specialization,including manufacturing towns,port towns,coaching towns and leisure towns.