基于GIS的流域水电开发生态约束性评价

An Evaluation of Watershed Ecological Constraints of Hydropower Development Based on GIS

基于地理信息系统(GIS)方法构建大尺度流域生态评价工具,对于整体评价流域/区域自然生态系统对水电开发的约束状况,编制水电梯级开发规划具有重要意义。本文探讨了流域尺度生态约束性概念模型,从生态环境约束、物种多样性约束及环境敏感区约束方面构建生态约束性评价指标体系,建立基于GIS和层次分析法的生态约束性空间加权评价模型,提出相应的计算流程,并以中国西南某流域为例开展了案例研究。结果表明,所构建的基于GIS的流域水电开发生态约束性评价方法,能够客观地反映流域自然生态系统对水电开发的约束状况,且方法简便、易于操作,可为编制水电开发规划及方案提供参考。

When using the GIS to construct a watershed ecological evaluation tool, it is of great significance to evaluate the watershed ecological constraints on the development of the hydropower, serving as a reference for the hydropower cascade development. The present paper summarizes the concept model of the ecological constraint assessment. It is shown that the basic indexes for the evaluation of the ecological constraints include three aspects, namely, the environmental status constraint, the species diversity constraint, and the environmental sensitive area constraint. With a process combined analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and the GIS, an integrated assessment method for the ecological constraints is proposed. Taking one basin in southwestern China as a sample case, it is shown that the method of the ecological evaluation of the hydropower development based on the GIS proposed in this paper can objectively reflect the spatial condition and the diversity of the ecological constraints on the hydropower development, which allows for a simple and easy operation, and can provide a scientific basis and support for the comprehensive hydropower cascade development in the study area.