发展柴达木盆地盐湖农业的资源基础

Resource base of developing saline lake agriculture in Qaidam Basin

基于柴达木盆地的地理、气候、水资源和盐生植物等自然条件,综合分析了该地区发展盐湖农业的资源基础,重点讨论了土地利用现状的特点及存在的问题。结果表明,柴达木盆地以盐渍化的土地为主,区域内积温较多、热量条件较好,咸水、微咸水资源及动植物资源丰富;农业用地仅占土地总面积的0.17%,有大量宜农土地未被开发,撂荒面积大;草地占土地面积的46.64%,但海拔、气候、交通等条件限制其利用;林地占土地总面积的2.87%,破坏较严重;盐碱地占总土地面积的11.68%,且资源丰富,几乎未被利用。柴达木盆地资源基础丰厚,开发潜力巨大,建议在该地区建立农业示范园区,发展盐湖农业,加强盐生植物研究,合理开发利用盐碱地资源。

Based on the condition of the natural resources in the Qaidam Basin, such as the geography, the climate, the water resources and the halophytes, this paper comprehensively analyzes the resource basis for developing the saline lake agriculture, focusing on the characteristics of the land use and the problems of applications. It is shown that the priority of the Qaidam Basin is to deal with the salinized soil. With the accumulated temperature, the heat resource is rich. Furthermore, the sah water, the brackish water and the plant resources are also very rich in this area. The proportion of the agricuhural land in the Qaidam Basin is 0.17%. A large part of the agricultural land is not developed and the abandoned area is large. The grassland area accounts for 46.64%, but with the altitude, the climate, the traffic and other conditions, its use is limited. The proportion of the forest is 2.87%, but with a serious damage. The saline land area accounts for 11.68%, which is rich in the Qaidam Basin, but it is hardly used. The resources in the Qaidam Basin is rich with a huge development potential. So it is suggested to establish an agricultural demonstration district in this area. to be used to develop the salt lake agriculture, as weil as to strengthen the study of the halophytes, and rationally to develop and utilize the saline land resources.