北京市朝阳区2011～2015年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Chaoyang District,Beijing City,China in 2011～2015

目的了解北京市朝阳区2011~2015年流行性腮腺炎的流行现状,为做好流行性腮腺炎疫情的预防和控制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,对北京市朝阳区2011~2015年流行性腮腺炎个案进行流行病学分析。结果朝阳区2011~2015年流行性腮腺炎发病率由17.07/10万降至8.44/10万;病例以春夏季多发,主要集中在5~8月,占总病例数的46.37%;发病年龄主要集中在5~9岁,发病率144.52/10万;病例中以学生和托幼儿童居多,占60.89%;15岁以下有免疫史病例从71.87%增加至95.42%;发热、头痛、双肿、单肿临床症状在有无免疫史病例间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 5岁以下人群仍是流行性腮腺炎防控重点人群,需进一步提高免疫覆盖率;流行性腮腺炎好发于学生和托幼儿童,可对学校或托幼等集体单位加强流行性腮腺炎监测;有免疫史的病例临床症状较无免疫史的病例相对较轻,表明接种疫苗即使不能阻止发病,但也可能对减轻流行性腮腺炎的临床症状有一定作用。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Chaoyang District,Beijing City,China in 2011 ～ 2015,and provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and control of mumps.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the cases of mumps in Chaoyang District collected from National Disease Reporting Information System from 2011 to 2015.Results The incidence of mumps decreased from 17.07 to 8.44 per 100 000 in Chaoyang District from 2011 to 2015.More cases occurred in spring and summer,mainly concentrated in May to August,which accounted for 46.37%.Most of cases occurred in age group of 5 ～ 10 years,with an incidence of 144.52 per 100 000.Stude,nts.and children in child care settings were affected mostly,in whom the cases accounted for 60.89% of the total cases.The cases in the population with immunization history,at ages of less than 15 years,increased from 71.87% to 95.42%.However,the proportions of fever,headache,bilateral and unilateral parotid enlargement showed significant differencein the populations with and without immunization history （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Populations at ages of less than 5 years is still the central concern to prevent epidemic mumps,in which the coverage of immunization should further increase.Mumps mainly occurs in students and children in child care settings,indicating that the monitoring on mumps in these places needs to be strengthened.The clinical symptoms are mild in the population with immunization history than that without immunization history,indicating that vaccination may relieve the symptoms of mumps even fail to prevent the diseases.