奥德修斯的返乡:《奥德赛》中的环境性

The Return of Odysseus: Environmentality in Homer's Odyssey

荷马史诗《奥德赛》以人的智谋及人神关系为主题,同时是以大海为辽阔背景的返乡作品。如对奥德修斯返乡之旅的环境性进行考察,"故乡"与"归途"是环境之眼。主人公对故乡伊塔卡岛的土地依附、岛上亲人对家园的持续守护凸显了故乡环境在想象、记忆和生存现实中的意义。归返途中"群岛"地理构成的欲诱、博物学知识对成功返乡的帮助表明了归途环境与人类的自我约束力及自然智识的关系。本文对《奥德赛》做生态批评解读,指出奥德修斯的返乡是水球环境中人类家园情怀的隐喻。

Homer＇s Odyssey, with the sea as its epic setting, centers on Odysseus, a man of wisdom, and his relations with the deities on his journey back home. This paper focuses on the environmentality of Odyssey, attempting to dig out the ecological messages of both ＂home＂ and ＂journey＂ in the epic. By analyzing Odysseus＇s home attachment to Ithaca, the persistent protection of his family on Ithaca, the lures from the ＂archipelago of locales＂ on his journey back and how his knowledge of animals and plants helps, the paper argues that, home is both a living place and nostalgic imagination, and man＇s self-restraint and knowledge of nature are crucial to the success of his homecoming. Thus, the return of Odysseus is, in light of ecocriticism, a metaphor of man＇s return to the homeland of nature on the planet of water.