德国司法裁判中的“法感情”理论——以米夏埃尔·比勒的法感情理论为核心

The Theory of the Sense of Justice in German Judicial Practice:Focusing on the Theory of the Sense of Justice by Michael Bihler

德国的法感情理论最初是为了给一种"反传统的"司法实践寻找一种教义学上的理论支持。这样一种反传统的司法实践是指法官在实务中并没有完全遵循三段论的形式逻辑进行裁判,某些情感因素在裁判中发挥了作用。米夏埃尔·比勒的法感情理论认为,裁判者在司法冲突中,并不总是保持着中立第三方的态度,而是采取了一方当事人的观点。法感情并不仅仅是一种感情状态,它也是一种正义的表达。由于法感情被很好地隐藏在案件判决之中,但是它却对案件的结果产生了一种预先的判断,这种法感情既是隐晦的,又是有些危险的,需要法教义学加以控制。德国的法感情理论能够为反思我国司法裁判基本理念特别是如何处理民意问题等提供有益的参照。

The theory of the sense of justice in Germany was originally used for the theoretical support for the untraditional judicial practice which refers to the situation that the judge did not make a decision based on the logic of syllogism, instead based on some emotional factors. The theory of the sense of justice by Michael Bihler points out, the judge could not maintain the neutral position all the time, but to make a value judgment to support one party. The sense of justice refers not only to an emotional state, but also to an expression of justice. Due to the concealing way of the sense of justice by the judge, it actually could play a role by prejudging the case. For this reason, it should be under the control of dogmatics of law. The theory of the sense of justice in Germany could provide us some fruitful references for our judicial practice, especially when the case involves itself in the public opinion.